The Fourth Turning
The Fourth Turning by William Strauss and Neil Howe is a groundbreaking exploration of recurring cycles in history and how they shape our future. Drawing on their generational theory, the authors reveal how societal events unfold in a predictable pattern of four turnings: the High, an era of growth and strong institutions; the Awakening, a time of spiritual renewal and challenge to authority; the Unraveling, marked by rising individualism and weakened institutions; and finally, the Crisis, the Fourth Turning, when society faces a transformative period of upheaval and rebirth. Through compelling historical analysis and insights into the roles of Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and beyond, the book offers a powerful lens for understanding today’s turbulence and anticipating what comes next. The Fourth Turning is essential reading for anyone seeking to make sense of the past, navigate the present, and prepare for the future.
THE FOUR TURNINGS
First Turning: High
A period of strong institutions, social order, and collective confidence. Society is optimistic and unified.
Second Turning: Awakening
A time of spiritual renewal and questioning of established values and authority, often marked by cultural and social rebellion.
Third Turning: Unraveling
Individualism rises, institutions weaken, and society becomes fragmented and distrustful.
Fourth Turning: Crisis
Society faces a profound upheaval that leads to the destruction of old systems and the birth of new social, political, and economic orders.
GENERATIONAL ARCHETYPES
Prophets: Visionary Leaders
As leaders in midlife, Prophets inspire social change and often drive moral and cultural revolutions.
Nomads: Reactive Survivors
As midlife adults during Crisis, Nomads often become tough, realistic leaders who focus on survival and practical solutions.
Heroes: Civic Builders
They come of age as optimistic young adults during a Crisis and tend to be team-oriented, confident, and institution-building.
Artists: Adaptive Peacemakers
Artists are nurtured by a society focused on survival and rebuilding. They experience an overprotective childhood with an emphasis on consensus, sensitivity, and adaptability.
PRAISE FOR THE BOOK
“I put down The Fourth Turning with a mixture of terror and excitement... If Strauss and Howe are right, they will take their place among the great American prophets.”
—David Kaiser, The Boston Globe
“One of the best efforts to give us an integrated vision of where we are going.”
—The Wall Street Journal
“A startling vision of what the cycles of history predict for the future.”
—USA Weekend