Bernie Madoff is known for executing the largest Ponzi scheme in history. He defrauded thousands of investors out of tens of billions of dollars over at least 17 years. In 2009, Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 federal felony counts, including securities fraud, wire fraud, mail fraud, perjury, and money laundering. He was sentenced to 150 years in prison and forced to forfeit $170 billion. He was also a pioneer in electronic trading and served as Chairman of the Nasdaq in the early 1990s.